What is Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)?
Hypothetical patient.
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory disease of the arteries. This inflammation causes a narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels, which interrupts blood flow, leading to symptoms.
Which arteries can be impacted by GCA?
GCA generally affects the medium and large arteries of the head, neck, and arms. The most common arteries affected are the temporal arteries (located on each side of your forehead).
Symptoms and Signs of GCA?
Symptoms of GCA can vary, but the most common signs involve the head and face due to inflammation of the temporal arteries. Before a new headache or other specific symptoms develop, early symptoms may involve flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever.
Generally, signs and symptoms of GCA include:
Persistent headaches (often severe and usually around the temples)
Scalp tenderness
Jaw pain
Fever
Fatigue
Unintended weight loss
Vision changes (blurred vision, double vision, temporary or sustained vision loss)
What is the cause of GCA?
Though the exact cause of GCA remains unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disease and involve genetics, age-related immune changes, and environmental factors (such as infections).
Because GCA is a progressive disease, it can get worse over time and may lead to further complications if not adequately treated. That’s why it’s important to team up with a rheumatologist early on to recognise the signs and set treatment goals that include controlling inflammation as soon as possible.